Combined adding machine and typewriter



Deg. 19, 1933. R. A. CHRISTIAN COMBINED ADDING MACHINE AND TYPEWRITER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Raymond A. Christian Hi5 anon veg Dec. 19, 1933.

R. -A.' CHRISTIAN 1,939,804 COMBINED ADDING MACHINE AND TYPEWRITER Filed May 22, 1931 s Sheets-Sheet 2 gwuzntoz Raymond A. Christian His Dec. 19, 1933. R. A. CHRISTIAN COMBINED ADDING MACHINE AND TYPEWRITEB Filed May 22 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 r/nlad In Red.

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4 Claims.

This invention relates to adding and listing machines commonly known as accounting or bookkeeping machines, and more particularly to the type shown in Letters Patent of the 5 United States, No. 1,197,276, issued to Halcolm Ellis September 5, 1916.

One of the objects of this invention is to providemeans whereby the condition of the accumulator will be printed automatically when the traveling carriage is tabulated to any selected or predetermined position or positions.

Another object is to provide means whereby the traveling carriage when returned to its extreme right-hand position will cause the condition of the accumulator to be printed, and at the same time clear the accumulator for succeeding operations.

Still another object is to provide means whereby the traveling carriage in any predetermined position will cause the condition of the accumulator to be printed and clear the accumulator for succeeding operations.

With these and incidental objects in view, the invention includes certain novel features of construction and combinations of parts, the

essential elements of which are set forth in appended claims and a preferred form or embodiment of which is hereinafter described with reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification.

of said drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing one form of automatic total printing and clearing mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a detail plan view showing the traveling carriage in part and the means for rocking the total printing and clearing mechanism into an eflective position.

Fig. 3 is a detail view of the cam arm which rocks the total printing and clearing mechanism into an efiective position.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of another form of the invention, showing a portion of the traveling carriage and the connecting mechanism for automatically depressing the total and sub-total keys.

Fig. 5 is a detail view of the flexibly mounted sub-total tappet.

Fig. 6 is detail view showing the flexible connection between the total key and the key depressing mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a side view showing one denomination of printing type and its actuator rack.

Fig. 8 illustrates a portion of a ledger card. Fig. 9 illustrates a portion of a "work sheet.

General Description In the use of accounting machines of this type it is very desirable and sometimes necessary to print the condition of the accumulator at cer- 60 tain times during the computation of an account by performing a sub-total operation, and at the end of the computation of this account print the condition of the totalizer and simultaneously clear it by a total-taking operation, thus putting it in condition for subsequent computations.

The sub-total taking operation is accomplished automatically by arranging the traveling carriage so that in a predetermined position of its travel it engages mechanism that depresses the sub-total key to condition the totalizer for a sub-total taking operation. The total-taking operation is accomplished automatically by the traveling carriage which, when returned to its extreme left-hand position as viewed in Fig. 4, engages mechanism that depresses the total key to condition the totalizer for a total-taking operation.

Another method of automatic total taking is shown whereby the traveling carriage when mov- 8 ing in either direction to any selected position rocks the total-taking mechanism into engagement without depressing the total key.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Total taking The usual and well known totalizer elements 60 and adding racks 61 (Figs. 1 and 7) are provided to accumulate amounts set up on a keyboard, disclosed in the above mentioned Ellis Patent No. 1,197,276. As is well known, totals and sub-totals can be taken of the amounts at:- cumulated on the totalizer elements 60 at any desired intervals. The invention disclosed herein relates to such total taking operations, but not to the accumulating operations, therefore, no detailed description of the accumulating mechanism is given herein. However, a brief description of the usual total taking mechanism and the operation is given to give a. better understanding of the invention.

Totals are taken from the totalizer elements 60, in this type of machine, under control of a total key 77 (Fig. 1). The total key 77 is depressed, and when depressed, a latch 82, pivoted in the framework of the machine, and which has a right-angle bend at its upper end extending across the rear face of the key 77, engages B notch 80 near the upper end of the key. In so doing, it looks the key 77 in its depressed position and a stud 85, on its lower end, rides up onto the cam 86 on the end of a lever 40, and depresses this lever. The lever 40 is mounted on a pivot 39 in the framework of the machine, and the left end is held in engagement with a stud 150 on a lever 151, also pivoted at 39. A stud 152 is carried by the lever 151, and a lever 41 pivoted at 39 is held in constant relation with lever 151 by a stiff spring 153 stretched between the two levers 151 and 41, which maintains lever 41 in contact with stud 152. The levers 151 and 41 thus act as a unitary lever, but are flexibly held in relation with each other by the spring 153. When the lever 40 is depressed it, acting on the stud 150 and through spring 153, elevates the extreme left-hand end 41 of the lever 40 in front of the lower end of a flying lever 43 pivoted at 44 to a plate 46. With the parts inthis position, the left-hand end of the lever 41 offers a firm resistance to the movement of the flying lever 43, when a plate 46 is rocked in the well known manner. Therefore, the first or clockwise movement of the plate 46 causes the flying lever 43 to rock clockwise, and through link 50, to operate a crank 51 fast on a shaft 52.

Fig. 1 discloses a totalizer element 60 carried by a shaft 55 (any number of which elements may be provided, depending upon the total capacity desired), which engage the adding racks 61. The adding wheels 60 are mounted in a swinging frame, including two arms 56 and shaft 55, pivoted to the machine frames by screws 5'7. The shaft 55 projects beyond the sides of the arms 56 and terminates in suitable rollers which operate in cam slots of two cam arms mounted on shaft 52.

From an examination of Fig. 1, it will be seen how the rotation of shaft 52 will cause the rollers at the ends of shaft 55 to raise and lower the frame 56-55, and so bring the adding wheels 60 into and out of engagement with the teeth of rack 61. The shaft 52 is rotated by means of the crank 51, above mentioned, at one end of the shaft 52.

This movement of the crank 51 is completed at the time when the circular path of travel of the pivot 44 of the flying lever 43, in moving with the plate 46 about the pivot 47, has dragged the lower end of the flying lever 43 past the end of the lever 41, so that it no longer has any effect on the crank 51. Pivoted at 154 to the side of the lever 151 is a curved by-pass pawl 42. This by-pass pawl is provided with a stud 155 which bears against the underside of the lever 151, and a spring 73 is so connected to the pawl 42 and lever 151 as to hold the stud 155 in the position shown.

As the pivot 44 of the flying lever 43 makes a circular travel from the position shown, in a clockwise direction, and inasmuch as the crank 51 has made its full travel and is stopped, by means well known and fully described in the above Ellis patent, the lower end of the flying lever 43 is caused to pass over the upper end of the pawl 42, slightly depressing the pawl 42 against the tension of spring 73 in so doing, and the pawl then assumes its normal position in relation to arm 151.

After the totalizer elements 60 are thus engaged with the racks 61, the elements are re stored to zero in the manner well known and fully described in the above mentioned Ellis patent. The restoration of the totalizer elements to zero is effected before the return strokeof the plate 46.

On the return stroke of the plate 46, the movement of the pivot 44, of the flying lever 43,

causes the lower end of the flying lever 43, tov

press against the upper end of the pawl 42. This pressure is almost in a direct line with the pivot 154, and consequently has no tendency to swing the by-pass pawl 42 about the pivot 154, but serves as a solid obstruction to the movement of the lower end of the flying lever 43. The result of these conditions is that the connecting link 50 moves the arm v51 back to its normal position at the beginning of the return stroke of the plate 46 to disengage the totalizer elements 60 from the racks 61. This disengagement of the elements 60 takes place before the racks 61 are restored to normal. After this movement of the crank 51 the flying lever 43 drags over the upper end of the pawl 42, and assumes its normal position.

On the return stroke of the plate 46, it is desirable to release the total key 77, and this is accomplished by mechanism fully disclosed in the above mentioned Ellis patent. This mechanism shifts a reciprocatingbar 8'7, to bring a lug thereon into contact with the flange 81 on the latch 82, and force said flange out of the notch in the key-stem of key 77, whereupon the key is returned to its undepressed position by spring 75. The above movement of the latch 82 withdraws the pin 85 from the cam on the end of lever 40, and allows the levers 40, 41 and 151, to return to their normal positions.

Sub-total taking The operation of the machine, when the total key 77 is depressed, causes the machine to print whatever accumulation has been made upon the elements 60 and leaves the elements at zero, as is well known and fully described in the above mentioned Ellis patent. It is, however, often desirable to print this amount, but to return the amount on the adding elements 60 on the return stroke of the plate 46, and this operation is known as taking a sub-total. This is accomplished under control of the sub-total key The sub-total key 30 is in all respects similar to the total key 77. It is associated with a latch 33, having a flange 32 which engages a notch 31 on the upper end of the key 30, when the key is depressed, and has a stud 37, in its lower end for engaging a cam 38 on the upper surface of the lever 40, to position the pawl 41 in front of the flying lever 43 in the same manner as during total taking described above.

A bar 74, similar to, and just back of bar 87, provided with suitable upward extending projections, engages the flange 32 at the upper end of the latch 33, in the same manner as bar 87 engages flange 81 of latch 82. This bar '74 is supported in the machine and operated in a manner well known and fully described in tle Ellis patent above referred to. As there described, the bar 74 is actuated to restore latch 33 to its normal position when the plate 46 is in its extreme forward position. Thus the subtotal key is released near the end of the forward stroke of plate 46, instead of at its return stroke as is the case with the release of the total key '77. All of this is fully described in the above named Ellis patent.

The operation of taking a sub-total so far as the mechanism is concerned is the same to begin with as for taking atotal, but at the forward end of the stroke of the plate 46, the bar 74 has caused the release of the key 30. This permits the pawls 41 and 42 to drop into the position shown, in which position the pawl 42 will not engage the lower end of the flying lever 43 during its return stroke with the plate 46. Therefore, the crank 51 will remain in its forward position during the return stroke of the plate 46, and the crank 51 is not moved until such time as the pin 76 in the plate 46 engages the forward side of the flying lever 43, and so moves the connecting link 50, as to cause the crank 51 to assume its normal position at the very end of the machine operation.

This changes the time of disengaging the totalizer element 60 until after the racks 61 are restored to normal, thus re-entering the amount transferred therein from the totalizer elements 60, during the forward stroke of the plate 46, back into the totalizer. Therefore, when the machine comes to rest, the amount will again be on the totalizer elements.

Type carriers When the racks 61 are set under control of the totalizer elements as the elements are restored to zero, the racks adjust type carriers for printing. These type carriers are set during either total or sub-total operations. This mechanism is well known and fully disclosed in the above mentioned Ellis patent, and therefore only a very brief reference will be made thereto.

The rack 61 (Fig. 7) has a slot 62 adapted to cooperate with a stud 63 fast in a reducer arm 64 pivoted on a shaft 65. An arm 66 of the reducer arm 64 is connected by a link 71 to a type sector 67 pivoted at 70. Thus it will be seen that when the amount on the accumulator elements 60 is transferred to the rack 61, the type sector will be positioned accordingly, so that, when subsequently released, in the usual well known manner, such amount will be printed upon suitable paper inserted between the type sectors 67 and a platen 72.

When the racks 61 are restored to their normal positions, the sectors 72 are restored to their normal positions.

Automatic total-taking One form of mechanism to automatically condition the accumulator for a total-printing and clearing operation is shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, and will now be explained. Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a roller 90 is rotatably mounted on a bracket 91 secured to a traveling carriage 92 with screws. When the traveling carriage 92 is moved in either direction the roller 90 contacts the cam surface 93 of a cam lever 94 pivoted at 95 to a machine case 96, rocking said cam lever 94 counter-clockwise.

A bracket 97 secured to a carriage guide rail 100 has an open-ended slot that guides the cam lever 94, the back edge of said slot forming a positive stop against which the cam lever 94 is normally held by a spring 101. A link 102 connects the cam lever 94 to a cam arm 103 pivoted at 104 to the left side frame 35, whereby the cam arm 103 is rocked counter-clockwise upon such movement of the lever 94. A cam surface 105 on the cam arm 103 is adapted to contact a stud 106 fast in the cam lever 40 to rock said cam lever clockwise. This conditions the machine for a total-taking operation in a like manner as the depression of the total key 77, as above described.

It is necessary for the carriage 92 to remain stationary during a total-taking operation,- as any movement of said carriage will move the roller 90 out of contact with the high point of the cam surface 93 allowing the spring 101 to restore all of the connecting parts to their normalinefiective positions as shown in Fig. 1, The total key 77 is not affected in any way by the above explained mechanism and may be used independently of or in combination with said mechanism.

The normal travel of the carriage in either direction is not affected by the automatic totaltaking mechanism explained above, nor is the automatic total-taking mechanism affected by the normal travel of the carriage, it being necessary for the carriage to remain in a predetermined position where it will hold the automatic total-taking mechanism in its effective position during the operation of the machine in order to condition the accumulator for a total-taking and clearing operation.

Another form of automatic total-taking in which the traveling carriage is arranged to depress the total key will now be explained. Rotatably mounted on the traveling carriage 92 (Fig. 4) is a roller 107 adapted to engage a lever 108 which pivots on a stationary stud 110 fast in a tabulator frame 111. A link 112 connects the lever 108 to a lever 113 loose on a shaft 114 rotatably mounted in the left side frame 35. An arm 115 (Fig. 6) secured to the shaft 114 has a hook 116 held by a spring 117 in constant contact with a stud 120 fast in the lever 113. This furnishes a flexible connection to take care of the overthrow created when the carriage 92 is returned to its extreme left-hand position, as viewed in Fig. 4. An arm 121 secured to the shaft 114 is operatively connected to the total key 77 by a slot 122 engaging a pin 123 fast in the key 77.

When the carriage 92 is returned to its extreme left-hand position, as viewed in Fig. 4, the roller 107 engages the lever 108 rocking it counter-clockwise, which, through the link 112, the lever 113, and flexible connection to the shaft 114, rocks said shaft and the arm 121 clockwise, thus depressing the key 77 and causing the lug 81 (Fig. l)' on the latch 82 to be forced into the notch 83 by the spring 84 to hold the key 77 in the depressed position and condition the machine for a total-taking operation as explained above. The key 77 will remain depressed regardless of the position of the traveling carriage until released manually by depressing the error key or automatically near the end of theoperation of the machine by the regular key releasing mechanism, shown in the previously mentioned Ellis Patent No. 1,197,276. Upon being released the key 77 and the accompanying mechanism are carried to their normal positions as shown in Fig. 4 by the action of the spring 75.

Automatic sub-totaZ-taking mechanism A method of automatically conditioning the machine for sub-total-taking operations by arranging the traveling carriage to depress the sub-total key will now be explained. Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, the roller 107 is adapted to contact a flexibly mounted tappet 124 pivoted at 125 on a bracket 126 secured to the machine case 96. A lever 127 is pivoted at 130 to the bracket 126. An arm 131 (Fig. 5) of the lever 127 normally rests against a hub 132 of the tappet 124. A spring 133 tends to hold a stud 134 on the tappet 124 constantly against the flat surface on the arm 131. 7

The lever 127 is pivotally connected at 135 to an extension 136 of an arm 1'37 pivoted on the stud 110 carried by the tabulator frame 111. A link 140 connects the arm 137 to a lever 141 pivoted on a shaft 142 supported between the two main frames of the machine, the left side frame 35 (Fig. 4) being here shown. The lever 141 is connected to the sub-total key 30 by means of a link 143 pivoted on its upper end to a stud 144 carried by said sub-total key. The lower end of the link 143 has therein a slot 145 through which passes a stud 146 secured in the lever 141. A spring 147 is tensioned between the studs 144 and 146 to form a flexible connection between the sub-total key 30 and the lever 141 to prevent strain due to variation in manufacture of the different parts.

As the carriage 92 travels from left to right, as viewed in Fig. 4, the tappet 124 being in the path of the roller 107 is struck by said roller and rocked as the carriage continues its movement. This rocking of the tappet 124, through the stud 134, rocks the lever 127 clockwise (Fig. 4) which lifts the arm 137 and through the link 140, lever 141, and link 143, depresses the sub-total key 30.

The depression of the sub-total key 30 causes the lug 32 on the latch 33 to be forced into the notch 31 by the spring 36 to retain the key 30 in its depressed position and to condition the'machine for a sub-total taking operating. When the sub-total key 30 becomes latched the roller 107 passes beyond the tappet 124.

The sequence of an automatic sub-total operation after the sub-total key is depressed is identical to the hand sub-total taking operation explained earlier in this specification. Therefore, it is thought unnecessary to explain it again.

The sub-total key 30 will remain thus depressed regardless of the position of the traveling carriage until released manually by depressing the error key or automatically by the regular key releasing mechanism shown in the Ellis Patent No. 1,197,276, The sub-total key 30 upon being Statement of operation One example of the use of such an automatic total and sub-total taking mechanism is that of the telephone company which has a system whereby its subscribers pay a fixed rate monthly for seventy-five calls and five cents each for all calls over seventy-five. Each phone has a register or meter which counts the number of calls' made. The calculation of the subscribers accounts takes place upon a work sheet" (Fig. 9) which is arranged to take care of the monthly records of 100 subscribers who are listed numerically by telephone or register number in the column headed Telephone or register number. Opposite his register number and in a column the accounting machine.

headed Present reading the subscriber's register reading for the present month is entered by hand.

In the case illustrated, let us assume this is a record for the month of March at the Garfield exchange of telephones, or register numbers ranging from 3800 to 3900. A permanent record of the subscriber's account is kept upon a ledger card (Fig. 8) arranged to take care of monthly records over a period of one year, there being one such card for each subscriber. In the case illustrated, the ledger card is for the telephone or, register number 3801 at the Garfield exchange, and the minimum number of calls allowed by this contract, without extra charge, is seventy-five.

The operator first places the work sheet in The ledger card for the first telephone number 3800 is placed beside the work sheet and so arranged as to have the month March on the ledger card in line with the proper telephone munber 3800 on the work sheet. The operator then proceeds with the calculation of thatparticular account. When finished with one account the work sheet is fed upward to the next number 3801, the ledger card for .3800 is replaced by the ledger card for 3801, and the calculation of the 3801 account is begun, a sequence of which will now be given.

The present meter reading of 245 for the number 3801 for the month of March, taken from the work sheet is added into the totalizer of the machine and printed simultaneously upon the ledger card in the column headed Register reading. The carriage is then tabulated to the right, as viewed in Fig. 4, to a column on the work sheet under the title of Previous reading" and here the previous monthly reading of 150 found on the ledger card is subtracted from the present reading of 245, and printed simultaneously upon the work sheet. The carriage is again tabulated to the right to a column on the work sheet headed Gross usage, where the machine is automatically conditioned for a sub-total-taking operation, as described above, in .which operation a reading is taken of the totalizer and the difference (95) between the previous and present readings, is printed upon the work sheet. As the minimum number of calls 75 allowed by the contract has been exceeded, it is necessary for the operator to again tabulate to the right (Fig. 4) to a non-print position, and in a non-print operation subtract the minimum 75 from the gross usage of 95. The carriage is then returned to its extreme left-hand'position, as viewed in Fig. 4, to automatically condition the machine for total-taking operations as previously outlined, in which operation the difference between 75 and 95 (20) is printed upon the ledger card in the column headed Gross or additional calls.

While the form of mechanism herein shown and described is-admirably adapted to fulfill the objects primarily stated, it is to be understood that it is not intended to confine the invention to the one form or embodiment herein disclosed, for it is susceptible of embodiment in various forms all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed, is:

1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of an accumulator; depressible subtotal and total keys for causing the condition of the accumulator to be determined; means for depressing the sub-total key; means for depressing the total key; a traveling carriage; and a roller on the carriage adapted to engage the sub-total key depressing means when said carriage is shifted to a predetermined position, and adapted to engage the total key depressing means when the carriage is returned to its starting position.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of an accumulator; manually depressible sub-total and total keys for causing the condition of the accumulator to be established; means for automatically depressing said total and sub-total keys; a traveling carriage; and a member attached thereto common to all of the key depressing means and adapted to engage the sub-total key depressing means when the carriage is traveling in one direction, and the total key depressing means when the carriage is traveling in the opposite direction.

3. In a machine of the class described, the combination of an accumulator; manually depressible sub-total and total keys for causing the condition of the accumulator to be ascertained; automatic means. for depressing the sub-total and total keys; a traveling carriage; and a single roller common to all the key depressing means and adapted to engage the sub-total key depressing means when the carriage is traveling in a predetermined direction, and adapted to engage the total key depressing means when the carriage is returned to its starting position.

4. In a machine of the class described, the combination of an accumulator; manually depressible sub-total and total keys for causing the condition of the accumulator to be ascertained; a traveling carriage; a roller attached to the carriage; a flexibly mounted tappet arranged to be engaged by the roller; a series of levers adapted to be rocked by the tappet to depress the sub-total key when the carriage is in a certain position of its travel in a predetermined direction; a pivoted lever adapted to be rocked by the above roller when thecarriage is returned to its starting position; and a plurality of levers with an intermediate flexible coupling connecting said pivoted lever to the total key to cause same to be automatically depressed.

RAYMOND A. CHRISTIAN. 

